Tuesday, December 29, 2020

Can pregnant women receive the Covid-19 vaccine?

Clinical trials for the Pfizer BioNTech Vaccine did not include either pregnant or lactating women, and the company has said available data is so far "insufficient" to determine any risks to pregnancy posed by the vaccine.

In the UK, this absence of data has led regulators to exclude pregnant and breastfeeding women from vaccination programme. In the US, the decision has been left up to these women themselves.

Here's why the two countries are split, and what that means for pregnant women.

So far, it doesn't say much at all.

"There were no data, period," said Dr Ruth Faden, a bioethicist at Johns Hopkins University, who specialises in the rights and health of pregnant women. There is no suggestion that the jab is especially risky for pregnant and lactating women, there just isn't yet enough information to say.

Pfizer has said it followed the guidance of the US Food and Drug Administration in leaving out pregnant and breastfeeding women from its clinical trials. These women will not be included in clinical trials until the company completes so-called Dart studies (developmental and reproductive toxicity), often conducted in animals.

Experts say this is customary.

"In non-pandemic times, if you are talking about a brand new vaccine, most reasonable people who are committed to advancing the interests of pregnant women and their offspring would still say we should not involve pregnant women" in early clinical trials, Dr Faden said. "You can't put them in right from the beginning".

In bioethics, pregnant women are described as "a complex population", Dr Faden said. "Nowhere else do you have two entities at one time, both of whom are objects of moral concern."

"And by and large, no one cares more about the well-being of the offspring than the pregnant woman. The first question you usually get is 'will this be safe for my baby?'" she said.

But the decision to leave out pregnant women from clinical trials is more complicated in the midst of a pandemic.

"We're in a tough place," said Dr Emily Stinnett Miller, an obstetrician at Northwestern University and a member of the Covid-19 task force of the Society for Maternal and Fetal Medicine. "They're having to make critical decisions quickly, and there are pros and cons to inclusion and exclusion."

A serious con - a lack of data - is evident now. "We don't really have the data to make these clinical decisions that we need to make," Dr Miller said.

Faced with the same lack of data, the UK and US are split in their policy response.

"When you have no data that speaks specifically to the question, then the next question is to step back and say 'OK, what otherwise do we know?'" Dr Faden said.

The UK has taken the more cautious path. On its website, Public Health England said that while the evidence "raises no concerns for safety in pregnancy", the agency "wants to see more non-clinical data" before finalising its advice for pregnancy.

"As specific clinical trials of Covid-19 vaccines in pregnant women have not yet been carried out, there isn't sufficient evidence to recommend the routine use of Covid-19 vaccines to pregnant or breastfeeding women," said Dr Edward Morris, president of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), in a statement.

Experts in the US went another way, leaving the the decision of vaccination to pregnant and breastfeeding women.

"The experts came to a consensus view that scientific plausibility of harm just wasn't there," Dr Faden said. But, she cautioned, "that doesn't mean zero".

The Covid vaccine trials may have happened at breakneck speed, but they haven't skipped any steps, regulators in the US and UK have said, and approval is only given when a vaccine is both safe and effective.

In both countries, pregnant and lactating women will have to wait for more information before getting a clearer recommendation on the vaccine.

Preliminary results from Pfizer's developmental and reproductive toxicity studies are expected by the end of the year. Once these studies are complete, the company may expand its clinical trials to include pregnant women. There are also a handful of women who became pregnant while in the midst of the trial who will be monitored through their pregnancy.

The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists has urged the UK government to fund research studies on the vaccine and its suitability for pregnant and breastfeeding women. And data will also be collected from pregnant and breastfeeding women in the US who elect to take the vaccine in the coming months. This will come first from the country's healthcare workers - among the first in the US to be eligible - some 330,000 of whom are estimated to be pregnant or breastfeeding.

"We'll have to keep our fingers crossed that this data...will allow an unambiguous, full-throated recommendation on pregnancy," Dr Faden said.

In the meantime, some pregnant and breastfeeding women say they will avoid the jab.

Joanna Sullivan, 35, who lives in southwest Ohio, is expecting her first baby in June. She does not plan to seek the vaccine until after she gives birth.  "I don't know about any kind of complications, and being my first one, being older, there's already higher risk there," she said. And while it would be "helpful" to see how other pregnant women respond, Mrs Sullivan said she will likely hold off. In Gloucestershire, England, Amy Collender, 34, said she might consider the jab while breastfeeding, but only now that her son is nearly two years old. "If I had a newborn baby, I might not," she said. And if she were still pregnant, she would likely choose to opt-out. And both women said that while they'd like more information, they would not volunteer to participate in a clinical trial themselves. "That's the thing, I understand why there weren't pregnant people doing the trial," Mrs Sullivan said. "Who wants to put their baby at risk?" But according to Dr Faden, successful inoculation against Covid-19 means that pregnant and breastfeeding must be included. "We cannot have an effective vaccine against this pandemic unless we have a vaccine that pregnant women can take, full stop," Dr Faden said.

Thursday, May 14, 2020

What is a novel coronavirus?


What is a novel coronavirus?

•Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause a wide range of illness from the common cold to more severe diseases

•i.e., Middle East Respiratory Syndrome [MERS] and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS]

•A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans.

 •Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause a wide range of illness from the common cold to more severe diseases. They are often zoonotic.

•I.e., Middle East Respiratory Syndrome [MERS] and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS]

•Several known coronaviruses are circulating in animals that have not yet infected humans.

•On 31 December 2019, the WHO China Country Office was informed of pneumonia cases of unknown cause in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China.A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was isolated and identifiedas the causative virus by Chinese authorities on 7 January.

Ref: WHO website

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

āĻ•āϰোāύা āĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ āϏংāĻ•্āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦাঁāϚāϤে āφāĻ—াāĻŽী ā§§ āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ⧍⧍ āϜāϰুāϰী āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻĻিāϞেāύ āĻĄাঃ āĻĻেāĻŦী āĻļেāĻ ি

www.discoverworldwide.blogspot.comāĻ•āϰোāύা āĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ āϏংāĻ•্āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦাঁāϚāϤে āφāĻ—াāĻŽী ā§§ āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ⧍⧍ āϜāϰুāϰী āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻĻিāϞেāύ āĻĄাঃ āĻĻেāĻŦী āĻļেāĻ ি.......

ā§§. āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļ āĻ­্āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āϏ্āĻĨāĻ—িāϤ।
⧍. āφāĻ—াāĻŽী āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻŦাāχāϰেāϰ āĻ–াāĻŦাāϰ āĻ–াāĻŦেāύ āύা।
ā§Š. āĻŦি⧟ে āĻŦা āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻ…āύুāϰূāĻĒ āĻ…āύুāώ্āĻ াāύে āϝাāĻŦেāύ āύা।
ā§Ē. āĻ…āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ় āĻ­্āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŦেāύ āύা।
ā§Ģ. āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ•্āώে āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻ•োāύো āĻ­িāĻĄ়েāϰ āϜাāϝ়āĻ—াāϝ় āϝাāĻŦেāύ āύা।
ā§Ŧ. āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻĻূāϰāϤ্āĻŦেāϰ āύিāϝ়āĻŽাāĻŦāϞী āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒে āĻ…āύুāϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰুāύ।
ā§­. āĻ•াāĻļি āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĻূāϰে āĻĨাāĻ•ুāύ।
ā§Ž. āĻŽুāĻ–োāĻļāϟি āĻŽুāĻ–োāĻŽুāĻ–ি āϰাāĻ–ুāύ।
⧝. āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻāĻ• āϏāĻĒ্āϤাāĻšে āĻ–ুāĻŦ āϏাāĻŦāϧাāύāϤা āĻ…āĻŦāϞāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ āĻ•āϰুāύ।
ā§§ā§Ļ. āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āϚাāϰāĻĒাāĻļে āĻ•োāύো āĻ—োāϞāĻŽাāϞ āĻšāϤে āĻĻেāĻŦেāύ āύা।
ā§§ā§§. āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§Ŧ āĻŽাāϏ āϏিāύেāĻŽা āĻšāϞ, āĻļāĻĒিং āĻŽāϞ, āĻ­িāĻĄ়েāϰ āĻŦাāϜাāϰে āϝাāĻŦেāύ āύা। āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšāϞে āĻĒাāϰ্āĻ•, āĻĒাāϰ্āϟি āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻিāĻ“ āĻāĻĄ়াāύো āωāϚিāϤ।
⧧⧍. āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰোāϧ āĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤা āĻŦাāĻĄ়াāύ।
ā§§ā§Š. āύাāĻĒিāϤেāϰ āĻĻোāĻ•াāύে āĻŦা āĻŦিāωāϟি āϏেāϞুāύ āĻĒাāϰ্āϞাāϰে āĻĨাāĻ•াāĻ•াāϞীāύ āĻ–ুāĻŦ āϝāϤ্āύāĻļীāϞ āĻšāύ।
ā§§ā§Ē. āĻ…āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ় āϏāĻ­াāĻ—ুāϞি āĻāĻĄ়িāϝ়ে āϚāϞুāύ, āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻĻা āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻĻূāϰāϤ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŽাāĻĨাāϝ় āϰাāĻ–ুāύ।
ā§§ā§Ģ. āĻ•āϰোāύাāϰ āĻšুāĻŽāĻ•ি āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻļিāĻ—āĻ—িāϰāχ āĻļেāώ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āύা।
ā§§ā§Ŧ. āφāĻĒāύি āĻŦাāχāϰে āĻŦেāϰোāύোāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻŦেāϞ্āϟ, āϰিংāĻ—ুāϞি, āϘāĻĄ়ি āĻĒāϰāĻŦেāύ āύা। āϘāĻĄ়িāϰ āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰ āύেāχ। āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻŽোāĻŦাāχāϞ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻĒেāϝ়েāĻ›ে।
ā§§ā§­. āĻ•োāύো āĻšাāϤেāϰ āϰুāĻŽাāϞ āύা, āϏ্āϝাāύিāϟাāχāϜাāϰ āύিāύ।
ā§§ā§Ž. āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āϘāϰে āϜুāϤো āφāύāĻŦেāύ āύা। āĻŦাāχāϰে āϰেāĻ–ে āĻĻিāύ।
⧧⧝. āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻšাāϤ āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰুāύ।
⧍ā§Ļ. āφāĻĒāύি āϝāĻ–āύ āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰেāύ āφāĻĒāύি āϏāύ্āĻĻেāĻšāϜāύāĻ• āϰোāĻ—ীāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻāϏেāĻ›েāύ āϤāĻ–āύ āĻĒুāϰো āĻ—োāϏāϞ āĻ•āϰুāύ।
⧍⧧. āϞāĻ•āĻĄাāωāύ āĻŦা āϞāĻ•āĻĄাāωāύ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী ā§Ŧ āĻŽাāϏ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ⧧⧍ āĻŽাāϏ āĻāχ āϏāϤāϰ্āĻ•āϤা āĻ…āύুāϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰুāύ।
⧍⧍. āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰ āĻ“ āĻŦāύ্āϧুāĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻāϟি āĻ­াāĻ—াāĻ­াāĻ— āĻ•āϰুāύ।

(āϏূāϤ্āϰ.... āĻ•াāϞেāϰ āĻ•āĻŖ্āĻ )

Tuesday, March 31, 2020

āĻ•āϰোāύাāϰ āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦাঁāϚāĻŦ ?

 āύāϤুāύ āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ āĻŦা āĻ•োāĻ­িāĻĄ-⧧⧝ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āϏাāϰা āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦে āĻāĻ•āϟি āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ•েāϰ āύাāĻŽ। āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤী⧟ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāϝুāĻĻ্āϧেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϰ āĻ…āϏংāĻ–্āϝ āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুāϭ⧟ āϜাāĻ—ি⧟ে āϤুāϞেāĻ›ে āĻ•োāĻ­িāĻĄ-⧧⧝ āϰোāĻ—। āĻāϰāχ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ āϰোāĻ—ে āφāĻ•্āϰাāύ্āϤ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা ⧍ āϞাāĻ– ā§Žā§Ļ āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻ›া⧜ি⧟ে āĻ—েāĻ›ে। āĻŽৃāϤ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻ›া⧜ি⧟েāĻ›ে āϏা⧜ে ā§§ā§§ āĻšাāϜাāϰ। āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāĻ“ āĻāϏেāĻ›ে āĻ•āϰোāύাāϰ āĻĨাāĻŦা। āφāϰ āϤাāϰ āϚে⧟েāĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻāϏেāĻ›ে āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ•। āĻŽāύেāϰ āĻāχ āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ• āϰোāĻ—āĻ•ে āĻ েāĻ•াāύোāχ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ…āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĻাঁ⧜ি⧟েāĻ›ে।

āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ—্āϰাāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻļāĻšāϰ āϏāĻŦ āϜা⧟āĻ—াāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻ­েāϤāϰ āĻāĻ•āϧāϰāύেāϰ āϚাāĻĒা āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ• āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে। āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ, āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āĻ“ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰোāϧেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻāĻ•āϝোāĻ—ে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে, āϤāĻ–āύ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ āύি⧟ে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻŽিāĻĨ্āϝা āϤāĻĨ্āϝāϏāĻŽৃāĻĻ্āϧ āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āĻ›ā§œাāύো āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে। āĻāϟি āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āϭ⧟ংāĻ•āϰ। āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰোāϧেāϰ āϚে⧟ে āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰোāϧ āĻ•āϰা āĻŽুāĻ–্āϝ āĻ•াāϜ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĻাঁ⧜ি⧟েāĻ›ে। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ, āĻ•োāĻ­িāĻĄ-⧧⧝ āϝেāĻšেāϤু āϏংāĻ•্āϰাāĻŽāĻ•, āϏেāĻšেāϤু āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦেāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে āĻ­াāχāϰাāϏেāϰ āϏংāĻ•্āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻŦে⧜ে āϝেāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āϤাāϤে āĻŽাāύুāώ āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻ“ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻ—্āϰāϏ্āϤ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āϤাāχ āĻ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āĻ•ী, āĻ•ীāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ›ā§œা⧟, āĻ•েāύ āĻ›ā§œা⧟ āĻāĻŦং āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āĻ“ āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ• āĻ•ীāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰোāϧ āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟, āϏে āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰা āϝেāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।
āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āĻ•ী?
āĻŽāύোāĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύীāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϤে, ‘āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻ•āϟি āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϘāϟāύাāĻ•ে āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻ•āĻŽিāωāύিāϟিāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ›ā§œি⧟ে āĻĒ⧜া āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ—āϞ্āĻĒ, āϝা āϏāϤ্āϝ-āĻŽিāĻĨ্āϝাāϰ āĻŽাāĻĒāĻ•াāĻ িāϤে āϝাāϚাāχāĻ•ৃāϤ āύা।’ āĻ•োāύো āĻŦিāώ⧟ āύি⧟ে āĻāĻ•āĻŦাāϰ āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āωāĻ āϞে āϤা āĻ›ā§œি⧟ে āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ…āϤিāϰিāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•োāύো āĻĒ্āϰāϚেāώ্āϟাāϰ āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻšā§Ÿ āύা। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ, āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻŽুāĻ–ে āĻŽুāĻ–ে āϤা āϏ্āĻŦ⧟ংāĻ•্āϰি⧟āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ›ā§œি⧟ে āĻĒ⧜ে। āĻ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏেāϰ āϚে⧟েāĻ“ āĻĻ্āϰুāϤ āĻ›ā§œাāϤে āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ। āĻ•োāύো āĻŦিāώ⧟ āύি⧟ে āĻŽাāύুāώ āϝāĻ–āύ āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ•িāϤ, āĻ­ীāϤ āĻ“ āĻĻুāĻļ্āϚিāύ্āϤা⧟ āĻĨাāĻ•ে, āϤāĻ–āύāχ āϝেāĻ•োāύো āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āĻĻ্āϰুāϤ āĻ›ā§œাāϤে āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ, āĻāχ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻŽāύ āĻŦাāĻ›āĻŦিāϚাāϰ āύা āĻ•āϰে āϝেāĻ•োāύো āĻ•িāĻ›ু āϏāĻšāϜেāχ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āωāĻĻ্‌āĻ—্āϰীāĻŦ āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āϤৈāϰি āĻ“ āĻ›ā§œাāύোāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĻুāϟি āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ্āϝāχ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻĨাāĻ•āϤে āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϤ, āϝে āϘāϟāύা āĻŦা āĻŦিāώ⧟āĻ•ে āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āϤৈāϰি āĻšāĻŦে, āϏেāχ āϘāϟāύা āϜāύāϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖেāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻšāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤী⧟āϤ, āĻ“āχ āϘāϟāύা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āϜāύāϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖেāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ•োāύো āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻ“ āϝāĻĨাāϝāĻĨ āĻ•োāύো āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āύা।

āϜāύāϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖেāϰ āĻ…āϤি āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏাāĻš, āĻĢ্āϝাāύ্āϟাāϏি, āϝৌāύ āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻāĻŽāύ āĻ“ āĻšāϤাāĻļা, āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻļোāϧāĻĒāϰা⧟āĻŖ āĻ…āύুāĻ­ূāϤিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĢāϞāύ, āϘৃāĻŖাāϰ āĻŦāĻšিঃāĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ, āϏুāĻĒ্āϤ āχāϚ্āĻ›া āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝাāĻļাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĢāϞāύ, āϏāĻŽāϏাāĻŽā§ŸিāĻ• āϭ⧟ āĻ“ āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ—āĻ•ে āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āϤৈāϰি āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং āĻ›ā§œি⧟ে āĻĒ⧜ে। āĻ āĻ›া⧜া āĻŽাāύুāώ āϝে āϏāĻŽাāϜে āĻŦাāϏ āĻ•āϰে, āϏেāχ āϏāĻŽাāϜেāϰ āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽো āĻŦা āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ (āĻĨাāύা, āφāχāύ, āφāĻĻাāϞāϤ āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি) āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āφāϏ্āĻĨা āύা āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে, āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻŽাāύāĻŦিāĻ• āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• āύা āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে, āϏেāχ āϏāĻŽাāϜেāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āϝেāĻ•োāύো āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦে āϏāĻšāϜেāχ āφāĻ•্āϰাāύ্āϤ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āφāĻļāĻ™্āĻ•া āĻŦেāĻļি āĻĨাāĻ•ে।
āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤ āĻŦিāώ⧟। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে-āĻ…āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে āĻāĻ–াāύে āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āϤৈāϰি āĻšā§Ÿ। āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύে āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏেāϰ āĻ­্āϝাāĻ•āϏিāύ āϤৈāϰিāϰ āĻĢāϰ্āĻŽুāϞা āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা, āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰোāϧে āĻĨাāύāĻ•ুāύিāĻĒাāϤাāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦেāϰ āϜ্āĻŦāϞāύ্āϤ āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ, āϝেāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āϏāϤ্āϝāϤা āύা āĻĨাāĻ•া āϏāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦেāĻ“ āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে āĻāĻŦং āĻšā§ŸāϤো āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤেāĻ“ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে।
āχāĻĻাāύীং āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āύāϤুāύ āφāĻ•াāϰ āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϚ্āĻ›ে। āφāϰ āϏেāϟি āĻšāϞো āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ। āĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻĻিāύ āφāĻ—ে āĻšāĻ াā§Ž āĻļোāύা āĻ—েāϞ, āϚāϟ্āϟāĻ—্āϰাāĻŽে āϞāĻŦāĻŖেāϰ āϏংāĻ•āϟ āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻĻি⧟েāĻ›ে। āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻĸাāĻ•াāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύেāϰ āĻ…āϤিāϰিāĻ•্āϤ āϞāĻŦāĻŖ āĻ•িāύে āĻĻোāĻ•াāύāĻ—ুāϞো āϞāĻŦāĻŖāĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻ•āϰে āĻĢেāϞāϞ। āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻĻিāύ āϧāϰে āĻļোāύা āϝাāϚ্āĻ›ে, āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏāĻ•ে āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝāϏংāĻ•āϟ āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻĻেāĻŦে। āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻŦাāϰāĻŦাāϰ āĻŦāϞে āφāϏāĻ›ে, āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝāϏংāĻ•āϟ āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻ•োāύো āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­াāĻŦāύা āύেāχ। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ, āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāĻĒ্āϤ āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝāĻļāϏ্āϝ āφāĻ›ে। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ•ে āĻļোāύে āĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা! āĻāϰāχ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŽাāύুāώ āύিāϤ্āϝāĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύী⧟ āϜিāύিāϏāĻĒāϤ্āϰ āĻŽāϜুāϤ āĻ•āϰা āĻļুāϰু āĻ•āϰে āĻĻি⧟েāĻ›ে। āĻĢāϞে āĻŦাāϜাāϰে āϜিāύিāϏāĻĒāϤ্āϰেāϰ āĻĻাāĻŽ āĻšু āĻšু āĻ•āϰে āĻŦা⧜āĻ›ে।
āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āĻ“ āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦাঁāϚাāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟ āĻ•ী?

āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āĻ“ āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āύিāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦাঁāϚাāύোāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϝে āĻŦিāώ⧟ āĻāĻ–āύ āϏāĻŦāϚে⧟ে āĻŦেāĻļি āϜāϰুāϰি, āϤা āĻšāϞো āĻāϏāĻŦেāϰ āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤে ‘āĻŽেāύ্āϟাāϞ āχāĻŽিāωāύ āϏিāϏ্āϟেāĻŽ’ āĻŦা āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰোāϧāĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻ—ā§œে āϤোāϞা। āύিāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āφāϞাāĻĻাāĻ­াāĻŦে āύāϜāϰ āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ। āĻāχ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ āϝāϤ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ­াāϞো āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে, āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻļāϰীāϰে āϰোāĻ— āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰোāϧ āĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤা āϤāϤ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ­াāϞো āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে। āϤāĻ–āύ āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻŽāύ āϏāĻ িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āϏāĻŦ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻ–াāϰাāĻĒ āĻĒāϰিāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āĻŽোāĻ•াāĻŦিāϞা āĻ•āϰāϤে āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে। āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏাāĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āϤা–āχ āĻŦāϞে।
āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ āύি⧟ে āϭ⧟, āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ—, āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āϚাāĻĒ, āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ• āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻŽāύে āĻŦা⧜āϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āĻāĻŦং āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ–āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•িāϤ āϏāĻ িāĻ• āĻ“ āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāĻĒ্āϤ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āύা āĻĒৌঁāĻ›াāϞে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āĻŦাāϜাāϰে āφāϏāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻ—āĻŖāĻšাāϰে āϤাāϤে āφāĻ•্āϰাāύ্āϤ āĻšāĻŦে। āϤাāχ āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻ•āĻĻিāĻ•ে āϭ⧟, āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ—, āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āϚাāĻĒ āĻ“ āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ•āĻ•ে āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āϏাāĻŽাāϞ āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ…āύ্āϝāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻ…āύāϞাāχāύ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻĢāϞাāχāύে āĻ›ā§œি⧟ে–āĻ›িāϟি⧟ে āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻšাāϜাāϰ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āϤāĻĨ্āϝāĻ—ুāϞো āĻŦাāĻ›াāχ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āϏāĻŦ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āϤāĻĨ্āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦিāϤ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϝাāĻŦে āύা।
āĻ•āϰোāύা āĻŽāĻšাāĻŽাāϰিāĻ•ে āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻ•āϰে āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻŽāύে āϭ⧟, āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āϚাāĻĒ, āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ— āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে, āĻāϟাāχ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ•। āϝৌāĻ•্āϤিāĻ• āĻĒāϰ্āϝা⧟েāϰ āϭ⧟, āϚাāĻĒ, āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ— āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻŽāϏ্āϤিāώ্āĻ•/āĻŽāύāĻ•ে āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤেāϰ āĻ•āĻ িāύ āĻĒāϰিāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āϏাāĻŽাāϞ āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে। āĻ…āύ্āϝāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŽাāϤ্āϰাāϤিāϰিāĻ•্āϤ āύেāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āφāĻŦেāĻ— (āĻŦেāĻļি āϭ⧟), āύেāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻ…āύুāĻ­ূāϤি (āĻŦেāĻļি āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϧা-āĻĻ্āĻŦāύ্āĻĻ্āĻŦ), āύেāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āϚিāύ্āϤা⧟ (āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāχ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āύেāχ āϧāϰāύেāϰ) āφāĻĒāύি āϝāϤ āĻŦেāĻļি āφāĻ•্āϰাāύ্āϤ āĻšāĻŦেāύ, āϤāϤ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āĻ“ āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ•ে āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻ—্āϰāϏ্āϤ āĻšāĻŦেāύ।
āϚāϞāĻŽাāύ āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āφāϏāύ্āύ āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāĻ•ে āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻŽāύে āĻĻুāχ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āϭ⧟ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻšāϞো āϝৌāĻ•্āϤিāĻ• āϭ⧟, āĻ…āύ্āϝāϟি āĻšāϞো āĻ…āϝৌāĻ•্āϤিāĻ• āϭ⧟। āϝৌāĻ•্āϤিāĻ• āϭ⧟ āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāύ āĻ“ āĻļāϰীāϰāĻ•ে āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏāĻ•ে āĻŽোāĻ•াāĻŦিāϞা āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে। āĻ…āύ্āϝāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻ…āϝৌāĻ•্āϤিāĻ• āϭ⧟ āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ­েāϤāϰ āύেāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āφāĻŦেāĻ— āĻ“ āφāϚāϰāĻŖ āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰāĻŦে। āĻŽāύ āĻ“ āĻļāϰীāϰāĻ•ে āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞ āĻ•āϰে āĻĢেāϞāĻŦে। āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āĻŦৈāϜ্āĻžাāύিāĻ• āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āύা āĻĒেāϞে āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻŽāύে āĻ…āϝৌāĻ•্āϤিāĻ• āϭ⧟ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে। āĻ…āϝৌāĻ•্āϤিāĻ• āϭ⧟āĻ•ে āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āĻ›ā§œাāĻŦে। āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āϝেāĻ•োāύো āĻĒāϰিāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāĻ•ে āĻ–ুāĻŦ āϏāĻšāϜেāχ āϭ⧟াāĻŦāĻšāϤাāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āύি⧟ে āϝেāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āϚাāϰāĻĒাāĻļে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝেāχ āϤৈāϰি āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āϏুāϤāϰাং āĻ…āϝৌāĻ•্āϤিāĻ• āϭ⧟ āĻ“ āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰোāϧেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āϏāĻ িāĻ• āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āϜাāύুāύ āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏāĻ• āĻ“ āϰোāĻ— āĻŦিāĻļেāώāϜ্āĻžāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•াāĻ› āĻĨেāĻ•ে। āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ āϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āĻ•াāĻ› āĻĨেāĻ•ে।
āφāĻĒāύি āϝāĻĻি āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰেāύ āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏেāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে āϏৃāώ্āϟ āĻĒāϰিāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āĻŽোāĻ•াāĻŦিāϞা āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāĻĒ্āϤ āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤা āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻšাāϤে āύেāχ, āϤāĻŦে āφāĻĒāύি āĻāχ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻ…āϤিāϰিāĻ•্āϤ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āϚাāĻĒে āĻ­ুāĻ—āϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ। āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āϚাāĻĒ āĻŽোāĻ•াāĻŦিāϞা āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āφāĻĒāύি āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰāĻ•ে āĻāĻŽāύāĻ­াāĻŦে āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻĻেāĻŦেāύ, āϝেāύ āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĨাāĻ•া āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ• āĻ•āĻŽে āφāϏে। āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āφāĻļāĻĒাāĻļেāϰ āφāϤ্āĻŽী⧟āϏ্āĻŦāϜāύ āĻ“ āĻŦāύ্āϧুāĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻ­াāϰ্āϚ্āϝু⧟াāϞ āϝোāĻ—াāϝোāĻ— āĻŦা⧜াāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ। āĻāϤে āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻ—āĻ­ীāϰ āĻŽাāύāĻŦিāĻ• āĻŦāύ্āϧāύ āĻ…āύুāĻ­āĻŦ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ। āĻāĻ­াāĻŦে āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻšাāϤে āϝāϤāϟুāĻ•ু āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤা āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে, āϤāϤāϟুāĻ•ুāϰ āϏāϰ্āĻŦোāϤ্āϤāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ। āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰেāϰ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ āĻŽোāϤাāĻŦেāĻ• āĻļুāĻ•āύো āĻ–াāĻŦাāϰ āĻ“ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ“āώুāϧেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ। āĻāχ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦেāĻļি āϞোāĻ•েāϰ āϏāĻŽাāĻ—āĻŽ āĻā§œি⧟ে āĻŦা⧜িāϰ āĻ­েāϤāϰ āύি⧟āĻŽিāϤ āύাāĻŽাāϜ, āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨāύা āĻ“ āϧ্āϝাāύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ। āĻāϤে āĻŽāύ āϚাāĻ™া āĻĨাāĻ•āϤে āĻĒাāϰে।
āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ• āĻ“ āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ— āĻ•āĻŽাāĻŦেāύ āϝেāĻ­াāĻŦে

āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āϜāύāϏংāĻ–্āϝাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻĒ্āϰāϤুāϞ āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏাāĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ āύি⧟ে āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻŽāύে āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ— āϤৈāϰি āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āĻŽূāϞāϤ, āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ…āύিāĻļ্āϚ⧟āϤা āĻĨেāĻ•েāχ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻŽāύে āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ— āϤৈāϰি āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻāχ āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ— āĻ–ুāĻŦāχ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ•। āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻŽāύেāϰ āĻ­েāϤāϰ āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ— āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāϞে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽেāχ āϏেāχ āĻ…āύুāĻ­ূāϤিāĻ•ে āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰে āύিāύ। āĻĻীāϰ্āϘ āĻāĻ•āϟি āύিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āύিāύ। āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻāχ āĻ…āύুāĻ­ূāϤিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āύেāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ•্āϰি⧟া āύা āĻĻেāĻ–ি⧟ে āχāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻĻেāĻ–াāύ। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ, āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ—েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āφāĻĒāύি āϝāĻĻি āύেāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻĻেāĻ–াāύ, āϤāĻŦে āϏেāϟি āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻļāϰীāϰেāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻ–াāϰাāĻĒ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ āĻĢেāϞāĻŦে। āϝেāĻŽāύ: āĻ…āϤিāϰিāĻ•্āϤ āϘাāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦে, āĻŦুāĻ• āϧ⧜āĻĢ⧜ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে, āĻ…āϏ্āĻĨিāϰāϤা āĻ­āϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি। āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ— āĻŽোāĻ•াāĻŦিāϞা āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āφāĻĒāύি āĻ িāĻ• āϝে āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļে āφāĻ›েāύ, āϏেāχ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļেāϰ āχāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻ•োāύো āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻŦা āĻŦিāώ⧟েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻŽāύāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāĻšিāϤ āĻ•āϰুāύ। āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻ•াāϟāϤে āĻĻিāύ। āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ— āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻŽāύ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϏ্āĻŦāϤঃāϏ্āĻĢূāϰ্āϤāĻ­াāĻŦেāχ āϚāϞে āϝাāĻŦে, āϝāĻĻি āφāĻĒāύি āĻ“āχ āϏāĻŽā§ŸāϟুāĻ•ু āύিāϜেāϰ āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ—েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āύিāϰāĻĒেāĻ•্āώ āĻĨাāĻ•āϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ āĻāĻŦং āύিāϜেāϰ āĻ…āύুāĻ­ূāϤিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āύিāϜেāχ āĻŽāĻŽāϤাāĻŦোāϧ āĻĻেāĻ–াāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ।
āϭ⧟, āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āϚাāĻĒ āĻ“ āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ— āϝāĻĻি āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻŽāύāĻ•ে āĻ—্āϰাāϏ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻŦং āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻŽāύ āĻāχ āϤিāύāϟি āύেāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻ…āύুāĻ­ূāϤিāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āϝāĻĻি āĻ•োāύো āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰোāϧ–āĻĻে⧟াāϞ āϤুāϞāϤে āύা āĻĒাāϰে, āϤāĻŦে āφāĻĒāύি āϝেāĻ•োāύো āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ•িāϤ āĻšā§Ÿে āϝেāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ। āĻ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻ•, āĻŦুāĻĻ্āϧি, āĻŦোāϧ, āϝুāĻ•্āϤি—āĻ•িāĻ›ুāχ āĻ িāĻ•āĻ াāĻ• āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে āύা। āφāϰ āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻŦিāώ⧟ āϏāĻ িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•াāϜ āύা āĻ•āϰāϞে āφāĻĒāύি āϏāĻšāϜেāχ āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦেāϰ āĻļিāĻ•াāϰ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ। āϝেāĻ•োāύো āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āφāĻĒāύি āϝāĻĻি āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ•িāϤ āύা āĻšā§Ÿে āĻļাāύ্āϤ āĻĨাāĻ•েāύ, āϏ্āĻĨিāϰ āĻĨাāĻ•েāύ āĻāĻŦং āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্āϰিāĻ• āĻŦিāώ⧟āϟা āĻŦোāĻাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āύিāϜেāĻ•ে āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻĻেāύ, āϤāĻŦে āĻ—ুāϜāĻŦে āĻ“ āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ•ে āφāĻ•্āϰাāύ্āϤ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āφāĻļāĻ™্āĻ•া āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĨাāĻ•ে।
āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āϝোāĻ—াāϝোāĻ—েāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽ, āĻ–āĻŦāϰেāϰ āĻ•াāĻ—āϜে, āĻ…āύāϞাāχāύ āύিāωāϜ āĻĒোāϰ্āϟাāϞāĻ—ুāϞো āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏেāϰ āĻ–āĻŦāϰে āĻāĻ•াāĻ•াāϰ। āϝে āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻŽিāĻĄি⧟া āĻŦা āĻ–āĻŦāϰেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽ āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ—, āϭ⧟ āĻ“ āĻĻুāĻļ্āϚিāύ্āϤা āĻŦা⧜ি⧟ে āĻĻে⧟, āϏেāĻ—ুāϞো āĻā§œি⧟ে āϚāϞুāύ। āĻ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻĢেāϏāĻŦুāĻ• āϏāĻŦāϚে⧟ে āĻŦিāĻĒāϜ্āϜāύāĻ•। āϤাāχ āĻ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿে āϏোāĻļ্āϝাāϞ āĻŽিāĻĄি⧟াāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āϏীāĻŽিāϤ āĻ•āϰুāύ। āĻšāϰেāĻ• āϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻ…āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āφāĻĒāύাāĻ•ে āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ•িāϤ āĻ•āϰে āϤুāϞāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āφāĻĒāύি āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ•িāϤ āĻšāϞে āϚাāϰāĻĒাāĻļেāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώ āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿে āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ•িāϤ āĻšā§Ÿে āϝাāĻŦে।
āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āϤāĻĨ্āϝāĻ—ুāϞো āϝāĻĻি āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে, āϤāĻŦে āĻ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦেāĻļি āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰ āύেāχ। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ, āĻŦেāĻļি āϤāĻĨ্āϝ (āχāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ•/āύেāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ•) āύিāϞে āϤা āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻŽāύāĻ•ে āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞ āĻ•āϰে āĻĻিāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āφāĻļāĻĒাāĻļেāϰ āφāϤ্āĻŽী⧟āϏ্āĻŦāϜāύ āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŽিāωāύিāϟিāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āύিāϰাāĻĒāĻĻ āωāĻĒা⧟ে āϝোāĻ—াāϝোāĻ— āĻŦা⧜াāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāϤে āϏāĻŦাāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϝোāĻ—াāϝোāĻ— āĻ“ āĻšৃāĻĻ্āϝāϤা āĻŦা⧜ে āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻŦাāχ āĻĒāϰিāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āĻŽোāĻ•াāĻŦিāϞা āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻŽāϤো āφāϤ্āĻŽāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āĻĒা⧟। āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰেāϰ āĻļিāĻļু āĻ“ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•āϰোāύাāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāĻĒ্āϤ āĻŦৈāϜ্āĻžাāύিāĻ• āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āϜাāύাāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻ­াāϞোāĻŦাāϏা āĻ“ āϝāϤ্āύāĻļীāϞ āĻĻৃāώ্āϟিāĻ­āĻ™্āĻ—ি āύিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে, āϝাāϤে āϤাāϰা āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ•িāϤ āύা āĻšā§Ÿ।
āϏāĻŦ āĻļেāώেāϰ āĻ•াāϜ āĻšāϞো āχāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŽāύāĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ•āϤাāϰ āĻ…āύুāĻļীāϞāύ āĻ•āϰা। āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি, āύিāϜেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি, āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি, āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āχāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻšāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

Monday, March 23, 2020

The Coronavirus (COVID-19): Presently World most Threatened Virus now a days.


The Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an virulent disease occurred by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2. The outbreak was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019, and was recognised as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. As of 23 March, more than 353,000 cases of COVID-19 have been reported in over 190 countries and territories, resulting in more than 15,400 deaths and more than 100,000 recoveries.

The virus is typically spread from one person to another via respiratory droplets produced during coughing.  Primarily, it spreads when people are in close contact but it may also spread when one touches a contaminated surface and then their eyes, nose or mouth. It is most contagious when people are symptomatic, although spread may be possible before symptoms appear. The time between exposure and symptom onset is typically around five days, but may range from two to fourteen days. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Complications may include pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. There is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment. Primary treatment is symptomatic and supportive therapy. Recommended preventive measures include hand washing, covering the mouth when coughing, maintaining distance from other people, and monitoring and self-isolation for people who suspect they are infected.

Efforts to prevent the virus spreading include travel restrictions, quarantines, curfews, event postponements and cancellations, and facility closures. These include a quarantine of Hubei, nationwide quarantines in Italy and elsewhere in Europe, curfew measures elsewhere in China and South Korea, various border closures or incoming passenger restrictions, screening at airports and train stations, and travel advisories regarding regions with community transmission. Schools and universities have closed either on a nationwide or local basis in over 124 countries, affecting more than 1.2 billion students.

Symptoms of Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Symptoms of COVID-19 are non-specific and those infected may either be asymptomatic or develop flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, or muscle pain. In my experience most of the cases COVID19 patient are suffering from fever with up to 1000 C temperature up to 4-5 days of virus infection with cough, fatigue. After five days fever temperature will increase and acute breathing problem will appear. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lists emergency symptoms including difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain or pressure, sudden confusion, difficulty walking, and bluish face or lips; immediate medical attention is advised if these symptoms are present.
Further development of the disease can lead to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, septic shock and death. Some of those infected may be asymptomatic, returning test results that confirm infection but show no clinical symptoms, so researchers have issued advice that those with close contact to confirmed infected people should be closely monitored and examined to rule out infection.

The usual incubation period (the time between infection and symptom onset) ranges from one to fourteen days; it is most commonly five days. In one case, it may have had an incubation period of 27 days.

How to Transmit this Virus

The primary mode of spread is via respiratory droplets that people blow out or cough.  This is thought to take place when people are in close contact, often during coughing or sneezing. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) agree that it seems to increase via these droplets, but "there is not enough plausible information at this time [23 March] to determine how easily and sustainably this virus spreads between people." The strength of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the air and on various surfaces is believed to be comparable to that of other coronaviruses. A single study of how long SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) remains infectious on various surfaces, "show[s] that when the virus is carried by the droplets released when someone coughs or sneezes, it remains viable, or able to still infect people, in aerosols for at least three hours.

"Prevention of this virus" is coming next post.........